Five Years of Taliban 2.0: What Has Changed in Afghanistan?
On 15 August 2021, the Taliban returned to power in Kabul, bringing an abrupt end to the twenty-year US-led military and political intervention in Afghanistan. The speed of the elected government's collapse surprised much of the world. The Afghan army, despite having hundreds of thousands of trained personnel and years of financial and military support, largely collapsed without a sustained fight. The Ashraf Ghani government failed to develop a political and military strategy capable of confronting the rapidly changing situation after the peace negotiations between the United States and the Taliban. Five Years Later: What Kind of Afghanistan Has Emerged? Five years later, the central question is no longer whether the Taliban can govern Afghanistan. They have shown that they can retain political and territorial control. The more important question is what kind of Afghanistan has emerged under Taliban rule, and what the cost to its people? When the Taliban first returned to K...